calibrating pronlems with structure core

For the aforementioned issues and as a result of limited resources, financial uncertainty, energy shortage, urban sprawl, global warming, air pollution, and water shortage, optimum sustainable design of tall building structures should be achieved. However, this negative impact of building construction on the environment becomes crucial in the situation of tall building construction due to the complexity, implementation difficulties, and the massive energy consumption of tall buildings compared with shorter buildings as a premium for height. Furthermore, in the building construction process, the manufacturing of building material contributes about 90% of the embodied energy and emission, while the construction andtransportation contribute about 6% and 4%, respectively. Annually, building sector uses around 40% of the materials entering the global economy and emits around 33% of the global greenhouse gases. Introductionīuilding sector is blamed for being responsible for a significant amount of environmental emissions and resource depletion. Finally, this part ended up with a summary for the findings of the reviewed studies, which is useful to understand how different parameters influence the optimum topology and size design of a tall building with outrigger and belt-truss system. This guideline will give an explanation and description for the used theories, assumptions, concepts, and methods in the reviewed articles for optimum topology and size design.

In this part, by presenting and analyzing as much relevant excellent resources as possible, a guideline for optimum topology and size design of the outrigger system is provided. This article is the second part of the series of the comprehensive review which is related to the outrigger and belt-truss system design for tall buildings.

Calibrating pronlems with structure core